Data analysis spanning from 1990 to 2021 reveals a staggering 130% increase in osteoarthritis cases and related disabilities among postmenopausal women. This rise is particularly pronounced in East Asia and high-income Asia Pacific countries, with excess weight contributing significantly to the condition's prevalence. The study highlights the critical impact of osteoarthritis on global health and underscores the need for targeted interventions.

The Rising Incidence and Impact of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis has emerged as a significant health challenge, especially among women who have undergone menopause. Over the past three decades, the number of new and existing cases, along with the years lost due to disability, has surged. Knee osteoarthritis stands out as the most common form, causing the highest loss of healthy life years. High-income regions exhibit higher incidence rates, reflecting advanced healthcare systems and better diagnostic capabilities.

Between 1990 and 2021, the global age-standardized rates of osteoarthritis steadily increased across all types. In 2021 alone, there were over 14 million new cases and nearly 280 million existing cases. The burden was particularly heavy in East Asia, where the fastest growth in knee osteoarthritis was observed. Central Asia reported the lowest rates, while Southeast Asia saw a rapid rise in new cases. Excess weight emerged as a key risk factor, with its contribution to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rising from 17% in 1990 to 21% in 2021. The impact of high BMI was most pronounced in East Asia, increasing from 14% to 23% during this period.

Regional Variations and Risk Factors

The analysis also uncovered notable regional variations in the prevalence and impact of osteoarthritis. High-income Asia Pacific countries experienced the highest rates of knee osteoarthritis, while Central Asia had the lowest. Hand osteoarthritis showed the fastest growth among women aged 55-64, with DALYs nearly doubling in women compared to men of the same age. These trends highlight the importance of socio-demographic factors and lifestyle changes in driving the increase in osteoarthritis cases.

Excess weight remains a critical risk factor, particularly in high-income regions. Urbanization and changing lifestyles have contributed to rising obesity rates, exacerbating the condition. The researchers suggest that rapid population aging and increased workforce participation may be linked to the surge in East Asia. Conversely, advanced healthcare systems in high-income Asia Pacific countries facilitate better identification and reporting of cases. Addressing these challenges requires proactive measures, including rigorous monitoring of risk factors and promoting lifestyle adjustments to control BMI. Policies must also consider socio-demographic disparities to effectively alleviate the burden of osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women.