The Vietnamese government has recently abolished the longstanding two-child policy to combat a declining birth rate and address the challenges posed by an aging population. However, experts and citizens alike question whether this legislative change will lead to the anticipated increase in births. Rising living expenses and evolving societal norms suggest that the new law might not immediately spark the desired baby boom.

Redefining Family Dynamics Amid Economic Pressures

Economic constraints weigh heavily on individuals' decisions regarding family size. Nguyen Thi Nguyet Nga, a pharmacy worker from Tuyen Quang province, exemplifies this dilemma as she juggles her career with raising two daughters who live apart from her. Despite the removal of the two-child limit, Nga remains reluctant to expand her family due to financial limitations and limited time for nurturing her existing children. Her sentiments reflect broader concerns among rural and urban populations about balancing quality upbringing with economic feasibility.

Historically low birth rates have become a pressing issue in Vietnam, where the fertility rate fell below replacement levels. Although major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City face pronounced declines, similar attitudes prevail even in less urbanized areas. Many people prioritize providing fewer children with better opportunities over increasing family size. This perspective highlights the need for supportive measures beyond mere legal adjustments. For instance, enhancing childcare facilities and promoting workplace equality could alleviate some burdens associated with larger families.

Youth Perspectives Shape Future Family Structures

Young adults in Vietnam increasingly adopt pragmatic approaches toward family planning. University student Nguyen Thi Kim Chi articulates aspirations shared by many peers: achieving career stability before committing to parenthood. She envisions having one or two children while maintaining personal growth alongside professional responsibilities. Such views underscore generational shifts where self-care and balanced lifestyles gain precedence over traditional expectations tied solely to procreation.

Financial pressures significantly impact younger generations' willingness to start families. With escalating costs related to housing, utilities, healthcare, and education, salaries often fall short of meeting essential needs. Recognizing these challenges, international organizations such as the United Nations Population Fund advocate for comprehensive strategies aimed at harmonizing work-life demands through improved access to affordable childcare services and fostering gender parity within workplaces. Personal testimonies from mothers like Tran Thi Thu Trang further emphasize the necessity of increased governmental support systems if meaningful changes in public perception are to occur over the next decade.